I Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr. - 909 Words

When I think about what one person can do in the times of the Civil Rights Movement, I think of Martin Luther King Jr. because he was such a big icon back then. Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist. He led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s, until he was assassinated in 1968 and will always be remembered by his famous speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream†. To me, he has reminded me of other people I’ve watched through movie films, and in a story I’ve read. When I think about what one person can do to step up and fight for their beliefs and for Civil Rights, I can relate that to the movies, A Raisin in the Sun, and To Kill a Mockingbird, but also the first chapter of Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison because of how those characters stand up in their own way to express their belief in what is right, and how we can all be equal. What stood out to me in the movie, A Raisin in the Sun, was how the father in the movie st ands up for his family in their time of need because it proves what one person can do. His family was poor, living in a small apartment and in the end, stands up to the Clybourne Park Improvement Association representative saying that his family will move into the white neighborhood despite all the racial hatred. The father, Walter, had big dreams. He wanted to open up his own liquor store and hope to make more money to support his family. He planned to start up his store with his father’s insurance money that wasShow MoreRelatedI Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.983 Words   |  4 PagesPromised On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered a speech of the millennia which was considered a radical revolution towards freedom. Martin Luther King Jr, also referred to as King Jr., was a Baptist minister and activist who fought for the rights of African-American. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, America was on the brinks of collapsing towards a civil right war. Leaders were across the United States creating factions of people. However, King Jr. was not an ordinary leader.Read MoreI Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.915 Words   |  4 Pagescounterparts. Martin Luther King Jr. represents himself, his family, and an enormous body of minorities in America as he prepares to address the country in regards to equality and respect for all. Coming from a time where only years prior black and brown people were owned as property and often regarded as animals, King changed race relations in America by standing as a liaison between his community of colored individuals and a governing body of mostly Caucasian individuals. I Have a Dream is an openRead MoreI Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.945 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I Have A Dream† Martin Luther King Jr. is one of the most famous civil rights activists in the history of the United States. He gave several important speeches and promoted non-violent protests. His most famous speech was â€Å"I Have A Dream†, around a quarter of a million patrons, black and white, attended this empowering speech at the March on Washington on August 28, 1963. The reason his speech was vastly successful in the movement against segregation and injustice was because of its repetitivenessRead More`` I Have A Dream `` By Martin Luther King Jr.1378 Words   |  6 Pagesreasoning are known as cognitive biases and they allow us to unknowiThirty years after the events of To Kill a Mockingbird, Martin Luther King Jr said in his defining â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† Maycomb would have benefitted from this message as repeatedly characters are reduced to their skin color, logic falling to the wayside as thoughtlessnessRead MoreI Have A Dream By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1102 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans we have been unable to embrace this concept without severe punishment. From being sprayed with high powered water hoses to being brutally beaten by those that are supposed to protect and serve. In the speech, I Have A Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., he elaborates on the fight African Americans have endured and sets the path for freedom and equality while We Shall Overcome by L.B Johnson speaks on providing equality for all Americans. According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speech, â€Å"I HaveRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesActivist and leader in the Africa American Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr, speaks at the Lincoln Memorial to more than 200,000 people where he gives his famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, where he calls for the need of equal rights between blacks and whites. King’s purpose is to convince the American people that segregation is wrong and should be changed for future generations, encourage all African Americans into fighting until the end, and that segregation is wrong. He effectivelyRead More`` I Have A Dream Speech `` By Martin Luther King Jr.2027 Words   |  9 Pagescitizens to have equality. In 1863, the United States of America joined other nations by emancipating those in bondage. Slavery had begun it’s way out in the modern world. However, due to years of indoctrination and social appropriation, there was a discord between those who were white and those who were colored. One hundred years after the emancipation proclamation was given, there was still social and systemic oppression and discrimination against colored people in American Society. Martin Luther KingRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream872 Words   |  4 PagesI have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.(Martin Luther King Jr, 1963). This statement came from Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech ‘I have a dream’. As one of the most powerful weapons contributing to the civil rights movement led by King, it motivated more people to fight hard for human rights. However, what is the human right? Not everyone can give an explicit definitionRead MoreI Have a Dream: Martin Luther King Jr. Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesCan you imagine a world where you were judged based on the color of your skin? In the 1950’s one man was tired of this and dedicated his life to changing it. Martin Luther King Jr. made an enormous impact in the world that we live in today. He wanted freedom for all and fought an endless battle to get us to where we are. Martin was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. By using, speeches, marches and his actions he accomplished his goalRead MoreI Have a Dream: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1290 Words   |  6 P agesWhen informing Americans across the nation of his dream, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. proposed an unforgettable speech that would one day change The United States of America forever. In analyzing â€Å"I Have a Dream†, there are a few rhetorical purposes that are reflected throughout. These purposes are repeatedly focusing in on a particular audience in which King speaks to. Using different types of appeals and literary elements, his speech produced a meaningful purpose that the audience could relate

Precautionary Principle Free Essays

Precautionary Principle The precautionary principle was arguably developed and originally implemented in Germany and Sweden, and it is these nations that remain the leading proponents of it. For example, it was one of these nations (Germany) that put the precautionary principle on the international stage, and today with regard to environmental regulation (in particular chemicals) it is Sweden that is pushing forward precautionary legislation in the European Union. There is a conflict between those who support the principle and those who oppose it. We will write a custom essay sample on Precautionary Principle or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, American policy-makers have become increasingly concerned with the use of the concept by the EU, seeing it as a threat to scientific risk analysis as the main tool for regulation used hitherto. Academics in the United States point out that the US had precautionary elements in their regulations during the 1970s; but these elements turned out to be excessively costly and faulty, and so were abandoned following a Supreme Court judgment in 1980 (in an infamous case concerning benzene) which insisted that regulation must depend on scientific proof of risk. There is no one definition of the precautionary principle. One Swedish author, Per Sandin, lists 19 formulations, often individually vague and mutually contradictory. [1] The most commonly used definition is contained in the 1992 Rio Declaration, which stated that in order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. One of the more rigorous analyze of the meanings of the precautionary principle have been put forward in work by Wiener and Rogers. They argue that there are three different formulations of the precautionary principle. These are:[2] †¢ Uncertainty does not justify inaction. In its most basic form, the precautionary principle is a principle that permits regulation in the absence of complete evidence about the particular risk scenario. Lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation-Bergen Declaration]. †¢ Uncertainty justifies action. This version of the precautionary approach is more aggressive. †¢ Uncertainty requires shifting the burden and standard of proof. This version of the precautionary principle is the most aggressive. It holds that uncertain risk requires forbidding the potentially risky activity until the proponent of the activity demonstrates that it poses no (or acceptable) risk. In this part of the report, the precautionary principle is analyzed in the context of the World Trade Organization and with respect to: i) GATT and exceptions in Article XX, ii) the Subsidiary Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), and iii) the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The precautionary principle is the focus of intense debates in the fields of food safety and GMOs, particularly in the World Trade Organization. 3] Tensions over these issues grew in 1998 after an EC moratorium based on the precautionary principle was applied to GM products from the United States, Canada and Argentina. [4] In 2003, the affected exporting countries requested the establishment of a Dispute Settlement Body by the WTO. [5] World Trade Organization (WTO) The World Trade Organization (WTO) emerged on April 15,1994, predicated on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947. [6] The reforms of this organization introduced ‘resolutions’ regardin g the environment. In its preamble, it mentions the ‘objective of sustainable development’ and â€Å"seeking both to protect and preserve the environment†. [7] In 1995, the Committee on Trade and the Environment was created to promote sustainable development and to identify a relationship between trade and the environment. [8] This Committee was created at the behest of the WTO at the end of the Uruguay Round. [9] WTO legislation since then has ad- dressed trade issues that substantially relate to the environment. 10] In spite of the ‘greening’ efforts to integrate the environment and trade, the WTO continues to pursue its objectives â€Å"by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangement directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international relations†. [11] WTO agreements that can potentially apply to ‘GMO restrictive measures’ contained in: Ar t. XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947,[12] The Subsidiary Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS). 13] A concise application of GATT rules to the GMO controversy will probably not allow stringent regulation of transgenic products such as the one by the European Community and consequently, the WTO will not allow the application of the precautionary principle. Among the measures contained in the GATT agreement that may represent a problem for the application of precautionary measures is the definition of a ‘like product’[14] and the ostensible product regulation the WTO has employed for products. 15] If the WTO decides to take this approach under GATT to GMOs, it will be largely impossible to sustain bans on these products. The precautionary principle as well may not survive scrutiny from the WTO since it would need to show sufficient scientific evidence that health effects derive from the consumption of GM products. Subsidiary Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) The SPS agreement was created in 1993, which by WTO parties to help reduce the incidence of non-tariff trade barriers imposed to protect, ostensibly, human, animal or plant life. 16] The WTO describes the focus of the SPS agreement: â€Å"To maintain the sovereign right it deems appropriate, but to ensure that these sovereign rights are not misused for protectionist purposes and do not result in unnecessary barriers to international trade†. [17] The SPS agreement does not provide states with acceptable sanitary standards; instead, it guides governments in establishing SPS rules. These guidelines are aimed at helping WTO members to (1) harmonize standards and (2) to assess the appropriate level of SPS protection based on an assessment of risks. Regarding (1) harmonization, under Art. , it recommends that states base their sanitary measures on international standards, guidelines or recommendations, whenever they exist. (2) With respect to the level of SPS protection, Art. 5 encourages states to base their sanitary standards of risks on scientific evidence. The precautionary principle or at least parts of this principle can be found in various parts of the SPS agreement. [18] Precaution is specifically incorporated in (1) the levels of protection, mentions that states can determine â€Å"the appropriate level of protection of human, animal or plant life or health†. 19] (2) In Art. 3. 3, which is precautionary in nature, the level of protection that can be implemented by states is addressed in the following manner: â€Å"members may introduce or maintain sanitary or Phytosanitary measures which result in a higher level of protection than would be achieved on measures based on the international standards†[20] and (3) Art. 5. 7, states that states can adopt higher standards provisionally â€Å"in cases where relevant scientific evidence is insufficient†. 21] The first case to put to t he test precautionary measures under the SPS was the Beef Hormones Dispute,[22] which was based on an embargo imposed by the European Community against US beef treated with artificial growth-enhancing hormones. This case seems to indicate how the WTO applies the precautionary principle. In this case, the European Community did not look at international standards for selecting the SPS l protection level, namely, in the Codex. According to Art. 3. 3 of this agreement, the EC had a right to increase the level of protection only when the ‘higher protection’ was based on a risk assessment. According to article 5. 7, the EC could have chosen higher standards temporarily until it acquired scientific evidence to support the SPS measures. Accordingly, when countries regulate GMOs, and impose standards more stringent than those found on the international level, they will be required to demonstrate a rational relationship between the regulations and the respective risk assessment. With respect to the precautionary principle, both the WTO panel and the appellate body refused to consider its evolution into a principle of international law. 23] However, they recognized that it was the focus of debate â€Å"among academics, law practitioners, regulators and judges†. [24] The appellate body, though, found that the precautionary principle was ‘reflected’ in the SPS agreement, but did not override the specific obligations in that agreement. [25] Based on the hormones case, the SPS agreement’s version of the precautionary principle relies on a scientifical ly based risk assessment. This standard is not likely to afford protection in cases where scientific evidence has not yet been developed. Nevertheless, countries can impose restrictions based on â€Å"provisional measures† to protect, at least temporarily, human health. The temporary moratorium is still more attractive than any alternative yet devised. Core elements of the precautionary principle have been included in trade agreements, particularly, a) in the SPS agreement, b) in chapter XX of the GATT. Although exceptions in these agreements allude to precaution, the discussion of this principle has been directly addressed under the SPS agreement; particularly, in the Hormone Case. The Appellate Body, in this case, said that the provisions of the SPS Agreement embraced the precautionary principle. [26] This principle, however, has been interpreted as being subordinated to clear and convincing scientific evidence to deal with uncertainties caused by lack of scientific evidence. The WTO, when deciding the case between the US and the EC over the moratorium on transgenic products,[27] is obliged by its own decisions to consider its rules not in isolation but in accordance with international law. 28] The precautionary measures by the EC have to be interpreted in accordance with multilateral environmental agreements. [29] The precautionary principle rests in the hands of the WTO; the way these institutions will interpret this principle will shape the future of protection in the international arena. If the WTO declares illegal the EC moratorium on transgenic products, countries will be reluctant to apply the precautionary principle even when the application of this pr inciple is required by a multilateral environmental agreement such as the Cartagena Protocol. An attack on the precautionary principle by the WTO can result in international conflicts between the trade and environmental regimes. Regional View of Precautionary Principle At the regional level, the precautionary principle has been embraced in different ways. In the European Community (EC), this principle plays a fundamental role in biodiversity and health protection, particularly in the field of GMOs. In North America, this principle does not play as fundamental a role in the North American Free Trade Agreement, but has been tangentially alluded to when GMO issues have been raised. The precautionary principle is particularly essential in the management of risk, which is considered in the EC within a structured approach to the analysis of risk encompassing, such as risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. To apply the precautionary principle, decision makers need to start with a scientific evaluation as comprehensive as possible for the purpose of identifying the degree of uncertainty. [30] Unlike in the European Community, the precautionary principle does not play a central role in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 31] The principle is, nevertheless somehow embraced in this agreement through national legislation. It can be said, however, that the mere creation of the Commission of Environmental Cooperation (CEC) is a precautionary measure to prevent parties from indiscriminately exploiting the environment in the name of trade. While the CEC furthers environmental protection by promoting citizen complaints, its effectiveness is yet to be seen, particularly in the promotion and endorsement of environmental principles such as the precautionary principle. Conclusion In the areas of trade and environmental law, the GMO debate has escalated to the WTO. This organization, when considering the European moratoriums, will definitely shape the application of this principle. If the WTO finds European regulation to be inconsistent with trade agreements, countries will be less willing to apply this principle. At the regional level, while this principle has not been embraced in NAFTA, core elements are contained in national legislation. Although the precautionary principle has been considered in NAFTA by the CEC, this environmental organization is not fully independent and lacks authority to truly promote environmental values such as the precautionary principle. It has also argued that the precautionary principle is not contrary to science but to provide answers with regard to new technologies and in this case, GMOs. With regard to the foundations of this principle, it was argued that it was based on common sense (natural law), and that some of these elements are embodied in the statute of the international court of justice. The precautionary principle departs from anthropocentric attitudes and encompasses a holistic approach. It is not a definite solution and it will not change the world overnight,[32] but it can make a difference in the protection of human health and the environment by providing guidance to policy makers when considering threats posed by GMOs. Bibliography R. Burnett V. Bath, Law of International Business in Australasia, The Federation Press, 2009. J. Mo, International Commercial Law, LexisNexis Butterworths, 4th edition, 2008. ———————– 1] P Sandin, ‘Dimensions of the precautionary principle’ Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Vol. 5(1999), n. 5, pp. 889-907. [2] JB Wiener and MD Rogers, ‘Comparing precaution in the United States and Europe’, forthcoming in Journal of Risk Research, pp. 4-5. [3] Shaw, Sabrina y Schwartz, Risa, â€Å"The Cartagena Protocol and the WTO: Reflections on the Precautionary Principle†, 10 Swiss Review of International and European Law at 537. [4] Bridgers, supra note 2, at 181 y 182. [5] Isaac, Grant E. y Kerr, William A. , Genetically Modified Organisms at the World Trade Organization: A Harvest of Trouble (2003) 37 J. World Trade at 1083. [6] Macmil l an, Fiona, WTO and the Environment, London, Sweet Maxwel l , 2001, at 7. [7] See preamble of Marrakech Agreement of the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, Legal Instruments of the Uruguay Round vol. 1, 33 ILM 1154 (1994). [8] Macmillan, supra note 92 at 12. [9] Ibidem, at 12 y 13. [10] Ibidem, at 12-16. Among the cases the WTO has addressed are: the Tuna-Dolphin cases, The Automobiles case, The Reformulated Gasoline and the Sea Turtle Case. [11] WTO preamble, supra note 93. [12] General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Oct. 30, 1947, 61 Stat. A-11 TIAS 1700 UNTS 194, as modified by Marrakech Agreement of the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, Legal Instruments of the Uruguay Round vol. 1, 33 ILM 1154 (1994). [13] Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) (15 April 1994), â€Å"WTO Agreement, Annex 1A, 69†. http://www. wto. org/english/docs_e/legal_e/15-sps. pdf. [14] Art. 2. 6 of the Agreement of Implementation of Art. VI of the GATT 1994 on Antidumping and Countervailing Measures reads as follows: â€Å"Throughout this Agreement the term ‘like product’ (product similarity) shall be interpreted to mean a product which is identical, i. . alike in all respects to the product under consideration, or in the absence of such a product, another product which, although not alike in all respects, has characteristics closely resembling those of the product under consideration†. [15] Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT, 1994. http://www. wto. org/english/ docs_e/legal_e/19-adp. pdf. [16] Grosko, Brett, â€Å"Genetic Engineering and Internacional Law: Conflict or Harmony? An analysis of the Biosafety Protocol, GATT, and the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement† (2001) 20 Va. Envtl. L. J. 295 at 308. [17] WTO, â€Å"Understanding the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures†. http://www. wto. org/wto/goods/spsund. htm. [18] Shaw, supra note 88 at 540. [19] SPS agreement, supra note 99, see preamble (1) 6. [20] Ibidem, Article 3. 3. [21] Ibidem, Article 5. 7. [22] EC Measures Concerning Meat Meat Products, Panel Reports: Case WI/DS26/R/USA, August 18, 1997 WT/DS48/R/CAN, August 18, 1997; Appellate Body Report: WT/DS26/AB/RWT/DS48/AB/R, January 16, 1998 in supra note 115. 23] Macmillan, supra note 92 at 153 y 154. [24] Ibidem, at 153 y 154. [25] â€Å"World Trade Organization, summary on the Precautionary Principle,† http://www. wto. org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_agreement_cbt_e/c8s2pl_e. htm. [26] Shaw, supra note 88 at 540. [27] Dispute Settlement Body, Panel WTO: European Communities Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WT/DS291/27, WT/DS292/21 and WT293/21, http://www. wto. org/english/tra top_e/dispu_e/dispu_subjects_index_e. htm#gmos. 28] Appellate Body Report AB-1996-1,WT/DS2/AB/R at supra note 130. [29] Shaw, supra note 88. [30] Commission of the European Communities, â€Å"Communication of the application of the Precautionary Principle†, (2000). http://europa. eu. int/eur-lex/en/com/cnc/2000/com2000_0001en01. pdf. [31] Raustiala, Kal, â€Å"Precaution in the Federal Legislation of the NAFTA parties†, North America Environmental Law Policy Commission of Environmental Cooperation. http://www. cec. org/files/pdf/lawpolicy/naelp10_en. pdf. [32] Vanderzwaag, supra note 22 at 374 y 375. How to cite Precautionary Principle, Papers

Nancy and Oliver Essay Example For Students

Nancy and Oliver Essay Consider the presentation of bullying within the novel, Oliver Twist, and how Dickens emphasises the plight of the victims, Nancy and Oliver, against the cruelty of society, Fagin and Bill Sikes.  Oliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens during the period of 1837 to 1839. The novel is about the indictment of cruelty that children suffered at the hands of society. Bullying is a main issue within the novel, Oliver Twist. Charles Dickens based the novel upon bullying within society. There are many types of bullying used throughout the novel; including institutional, physical, emotional, verbal and group bullying. Throughout the novel Dickens criticises Victorian society. He wrote the novel based on the personal experiences of previous hardships inflicted on people. Dickens emphasised the treatment of the poor, the conditions in which children survived and the way in which society treated each other. Throughout the novel, Dickens uses irony, sarcasm and satire to reinforce his points to illustrate the conditions in which people lived. The subject of Institutional bullying is highlighted at the beginning of the novel. Oliver Twist was just one of the subjects of institutional bullying. In Victorian society, workhouses were very common places for individuals to live. People were sent to the workhouse if they did not have any where else to go. These places were often used for old people. If a person was sent to a workhouse it was thought to be their fault. It was difficult for the inhabitants; as they were categorized as shameful and desperate. Whilst living in the workhouse people would lose their identity and integrity. They would live by very vigorous rules and lose the freedom they possessed. In the opening of the novel, Oliver is an orphan born in a workhouse. The first time Oliver is referred to in the novel is as it, this is a sign of bullying from the beginning. When someone is referred to as it, they lose their identity. Oliver is later referred to as the fact of a new burden having been imposed upon the parish. It is ironic because when a baby is born it is regarded as the greatest joy in the world, but in the case of babies who were born in the workhouse they were classed as a burden and one which was not needed. Dickens highlighted the fact that He was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service. This demonstrates that the workhouse was a dirty place. The owners did not buy new clothes nor did they wash them very often. This suggests that the robe had been worn many times by other babies born into the environment. Oliver was just one of many to wear it. The robe was yellow which suggests it was very old and dirty. This suggests institutional bullying; most people who went through the workhouse were treated this way. Institutional bullying continued throughout Olivers early life, he was maltreated by his hypocritical master Bumble. We reflect on this as Oliver Twists ninth birthday found him a pale thin child. This shows the malnutrition that Oliver and the other work house boys encountered and the way in which they were starved. The description of food amounts were at starvation levels for a child.  Dickens describes Olivers clothes as He wore an outer coat of dirt, this highlighted the fact that Oliver had been neglected and was unclean. From the novel, I can see how unhappy Oliver was on a rough, hard bed, he sobbed himself to sleep; this emphasised how badly he was treated and the sorrow he felt. This is institutional and emotional bullying. .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .postImageUrl , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:hover , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:visited , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:active { border:0!important; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:active , .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebc5cf7178a5ca7d212dc2021e20cd9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Main Themes in "The Merchant of Venice"Throughout the novel, Oliver encounters many bullies. Dickens uses these bullies to emphasise the way in which society treated people and the examination of evil. One bully who Oliver is the victim of is Noah Claypole. Oliver meets Noah when he is apprenticed by Mr Sowerberry at the undertakers where he is sent to work. Noah Claypole is one of the workers there. Noah Claypole instantly takes a dislike to Oliver. Before he even meets him, he threatens to hurt him by saying, Ill whop yer when I get in. This is a clear indication of bullying.